Blood Pressure

What is blood pressure?

Blood pressure is the force with which blood pushes against the walls of arteries during the cardiac cycle. It is measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg) and expressed as two values: systolic (upper) - when the heart contracts and pumps blood, and diastolic (lower) - when the heart rests between beats. Normal blood pressure is around 120/80 mmHg, though these values may vary depending on age and health status.

Blood pressure categories

• Normal - below 120/80 mmHg, optimal range for health
• Elevated - 120-129 / below 80 mmHg, requires monitoring
• Hypertension stage 1 - 130-139 / 80-89 mmHg, requires lifestyle changes
• Hypertension stage 2 - 140/90 mmHg or higher, requires treatment
• Hypertensive crisis - above 180/120 mmHg, medical emergency

How to measure blood pressure correctly?

Take measurements at rest, after a few minutes of relaxation. Avoid caffeine, cigarettes, and physical exercise before measuring. Sit with your back supported, arm at heart level. Take at least two measurements one minute apart and record the average. Taking readings at different times of day provides a better picture - in the morning and evening.

Factors affecting blood pressure

Blood pressure is influenced by genetics, high-sodium diet, lack of physical activity, obesity, stress, smoking, and excessive alcohol consumption. Controlling blood pressure requires lifestyle changes, and in some cases, medication. Regular monitoring is crucial, especially with a family history of hypertension.